Wednesday, January 15, 2014

Issues of contemporary India: Environmental degradation-I

I already wrote a small article about soil degradation and Desertification. you can check it out at http://upsctarget.blogspot.in/2014/01/issues-of-contemporary-india.html

Environment or nature is everything that surrounds us. The traditional egocentric approach towards usage of resources has degraded environment to such a level that the plush green forests, which come into our mind when we think of nature do not exist anymore. Environment or nature, what is left of it is among us. We use it every day, for paper, for electricity, our clothes and most of all the basic requirements for our mere existence air, water and food. Every economic structure is based on concept of limited resources and their distribution, but no one care about who is giving those resources. Our nature has a unique ability to recycle certain resources, some are manually recycled and replenished and some are completely exhausted without replacement. hence hampering the natural balance.

Some of the effects of human activity are completely irreversible, because of us many species of plants and animals have been extinct and many more on the verge of extinction. But why should we even care if some species are extinct and the environment we live in is changing(degrading)? If we do care, are we even responsible for it, or is it just the phase of earth's evolution? What is causing it? how can we stop it? What has been done to stop it? what needs to be done are some of the questions faced by people all over the world.

Why should we care?. let us look at Biological cycles like carbon cycle, water cycle, nitrogen cycle and phosphorous cycle. All have one thing in common, they are in harmony, and they have a certain amount of tolerance towards any change. But beyond the tolerance level, the cycles collapse and cause problems to our  very existence. Now are we responsible for it? recently there have been a lot of news about global warming, melting of ice caps and other environmental effects, but are we even responsible for them, or is it just a part of earth's hot and cold cycles. A lot of theories popped up which do suggest that some of it might be earth's transitional effect. But most of the effects are man made, since we are responsible for causing damage to the source of our existence. We need to take up responsibility to stop and undo some of the damage we have caused. "We need to protect the environment so that it can give us protection".

Environmental protection does not just mean, bunch of activists going and hugging a tree in forest to save it. It starts in every house hold with each and every action.  We need to reconsider everything we use in our daily life, consumerism, as such is at question here. The capitalist attitude to promote consumption, people's desire to have more and more babies all are at question. When our existence is at stake especially because of our existence, there is something  inherently wrong and suicidal. There is no limit to our imagination but there is a limit to resources and any over exploitation of these resources is detrimental.

I remember as a kid, I used to believe that everything is possible. I used to think that if i had will and imagination I could be a superhero, maybe I would have like batman at the cost of my body, and perish. With age I understood that there are limits which i cannot break or i should not break. I'm not saying that the youthful me was wrong in any sense, I just say with maturity I understood the tenets of survival. Apply the same to entire human beings, we aspire to defy the laws of nature, we like to get fat while riding our super fast cars, not that there is anything wrong in it (especially when I myself am getting fat) but maybe we as a whole need to understand our surroundings better and start living better.

Next blog I will get into, the ideas which circulate in academic circles to understand the tenets of our survival, some of which came into light. What are organisational efforts taken by India and other International organisations.

Thank you
Shiva :)

Monday, January 13, 2014

Contemporary issues of India: Gender Discrimination-I


Each and everyone of us is a perpetrator of gender discrimination. I, like everyone else was blinded by misogyny and patriarchy inherent in our society.  I'm appalled by the systemic discrimination our society accommodates when finally the dense fog has lifted over my eyes.  We have been victims of desensitization and aloofness about gender discrimination.

Lets understand this by some examples with some News headlines,

Gurgaon Police had ordered not to employ women after 8 pm, if they do, then they need to give security.

Engineering college has made it mandatory for girl students to wear decent dresses

Haryana MLA says revealing dresses and pub culture are responsible for rise in crimes against women

Sena storms into pubs hits women, alleges cultural drain

Shoot daughter if she elopes- UP top cops advice

Youth attacks a minor girl with acid for rejecting him

Wife goes to court for alleged violence in marriage

IIT graduate expects gift(dowry) of one crore

How many of you think all of them or at least one of them is right news?
Did any of the news irk you?

As a matter of fact all the news presented here is covering sexism in society to varying extents. If you think at least one of the above news is legitimate, you are inherently a perpetrator of sexism. If we look at the general statistics, 

  • The Adult sex ratio since independence to 2001 has dropped to 933/1000 and has marginally increased to 940/1000 in 2011. 
  • Child sex ratio is even worse which has been dropping continuously and is lowest since independence at 914/1000 in 2011. 
  • Only 3% of women are employed in higher managerial jobs.
  • 20% technical and non technical jobs with 25% share in income.
  • 10-12% parliament representation. 


All of the above are just few illustrations of permeating discrimination against women in society.Now a lot of people might ask what is the harm in Gurgaon making a law for protection of women from predators? to answer that question, we need to first answer certain implicit questions like, where did these predators come from? Why do we have a higher rape aggregate in India? Is stopping companies from employing women after 8 pm the right way to stop crimes against women? Who is responsible for rise of crimes against women? Is it rapid westernization or the culture of mini skirts or simply the perpetrators of these crimes against women? Who is really contributing to the rise in crime against women? 

let us first analyse some structural problems in our society.

Protectionism Vs Empowerment

Quite often in Indian context, people see no difference between both. Government of India and its laws like Dowry prohibition Act(1961), Protection of women from domestic violence act(2005), The Muslim women Protection of Rights on Dowry Act 1986, termination of pregnancy act 1976 and a lot more focus mainly about protection than empowerment. If we ask an average father what he would do to keep their daughter safe...you might hear a few of the following responses.

a) Stop the daughter from going out late night
b) Make her learn self defense
c) Raise voice against government for its inability to provide security

Some of these responses are more common than the other. Both, the responses a and c are protectionist whereas option b is empowering. If we see the Gurgaon's case, gives the same impression. Instead of making society conscious about their inherent gender bias, they chose to degenerate status of woman further, making them a commodity which needs protection than empowerment!

In a patriarchal society like India, everyone who takes lead role in a family from fathers, brothers, husbands to the government, everyone prefers protectionism as opposed to empowerment, consciously or sub-consciously to meet their ends(although male lead role itself is a form of discrimination, we will get to that later!)while giving their boy child every possible opportunity to develop and grow into an individual adult. A woman on the other hand is traded like a precious ornament which needs to be safeguarded, from one hand to other. What difference does a girl see between an ancient society and a modern one when very little has changed in perception of woman as property as opposed to an individual?

Further reading in coming blogs

Yours
Shiva :)



Saturday, January 11, 2014

Issues of contemporary India: Desertification

These days everyone seems to be interested in making the world a better place. They want better governance, better utilisation of resources. They want to make Government and other organizations to take reponsibilty. But I'm going to ask one question, How many of us are ready to accept responsibility and do something for a better world?. Its easy to blame others for what is happening, it is hard to own responsibility and do something about it. I'm going to write a series of blogs on different issues destroying contemporary India.

Desertification

The defiinition in Wikipedia is
"Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. It is caused by a variety of factors, such as climate change and human activities. Desertification is a significant global ecological and environmental problem."

Now, I know most of the people who are reading this are unaware of the fact that 1/3rd of all the land in India is at a verge of Desertification. No one seems to care about it, though it is as important as climate change and whose effects are immediate and drastic. A report submitted to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) by the Environment Ministry in fourth week of April 2013 described that one third of India’s geographical area is undergoing the process of desertification despite of the efforts made by it to combat the problem. But  what are the effects of desertification? is it really serious? whose responsibility is it anyway? what is causing it? What can we do to stop it?, these are some questions we are facing today. 

India's growing population and dire need for food production to meet the population, exerts an enormous pressure on land. The socio-economic and cultural effects of desertification are disastrous.With 60% of the population depending on land for income directly or indirectly, it would be of huge economic consequence. Social effects like unrest, poverty and cultural effects like migration may be of dire consequences. So desertification needs our immediate attention. 

Out of India's 328 mha total area nearly 69% of our land area is arid, semi-arid or dry sub-humid. A moajor part of these areas is prone to desertification. In report to UNCCD, MoEF has analysed land usage pattern in India with the help of ISRO concluded that 106 mha i.e 1/3rd of area is undergoing desertification. 

The causes of desertification are vegetal degradation, water erosion, wind erosion, wind/eolian degradation, frost shattering, salinity/alkalinity, mass movement, water logging, rocky areas/barren land, man made, frost heaving and others. 
      Process wise distribution of the area under land-degradation for India
Lets look at the causes one by one. 
Vegetal degradation: it is observed mainly as deforestation/ forest-blanks/ shifting cultivation and degradation in grassland/grazing and scrubland. This happens in both warm and cold areas. 
Water erosion: Sheet erosion/rill network/ shallow gully erosion fall mainly under this category. It comprises mainly of agricultural land. 
Wind erosion: mainly happens in the close proximity of deserts mainly because of lift and drift effect of wind
Salinization/ Alkalinization: Mainly in cultivated lands because of excess ground water usage, soil erosion, usage of different insecticides and pesticides. 
Water wasting:  happens due to rock, regolith and debris movement down hill due to land slides, creeping. 
Man made: though most of the above causes are indirect effects of man made causes. There are a few direct causes like Mining, brick kiln, industrial effluents, city waste and others

Desertification map of India

If we see above pattern, almost all the causes of desertification are man made directly or indirectly. Indirect causes like global warming, deforestation, unregulated cattle grazing, excessive usage of pesticides and insecticides, over exhaustion of ground water and many others, while making a mess directly by mining, industrial  effluents, city waste, improper drainage and others. There is no easy solution for stopping desertification, the first step towards it should be efficient utilization of resources by every individual, economic usage of ground water, awareness of renewable and bio-degradable sources of consumption and others. It would be hypocritical of us, if we just accuse the Government and others of not maintaining India in perfect health, when we the people are causing the problems and not doing anything about it.

regards,
Shiva :)

Reference